中國外交部發言人華春瑩10日就美國防部發表2015年度《涉華軍事與安全發展報告》答記者問時表示,希望美方摒棄冷戰思維,摘下有色眼鏡,客觀、理性看待中國的軍事發展,停止發表此類報告。
中共現時學人講法治,但它在很多時是以長官意志和行政指令代替法律。外交部要求美國國防部停止發表此類報告,是完全「於事實不顧」。因為,美國國防部是根據法律的要求,每年向國會提交報告的。
ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Military and Security Developments Involving
the People’s Republic of China 2015
A Report to Congress Pursuant to the
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000
Section 1246, “Annual Report on Military and
Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84,
which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000,
Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall
submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and
security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report
shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological
development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development
of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military
organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the
next 20 years. The report shall also address United States-China engagement and
cooperation on security matters during the period covered by the report,
including through United States-China military-to-military contacts, and the
United States strategy for such engagement and cooperation in the future.”
國防授權法案
報告的第一段表示,根據2010年國防授權法,公共法例第111-84,國防部部長需要每年以保密和公開兩種形式向國會提交報告。報告應包括,解放軍的軍事技術發展、中國的國家安全戰略和軍事戰略和未來20年間解放軍的組織和行事手法。報告亦應該包括中美在安全問題上的合作,軍方接觸和美方對此的戰略。
事實上,中國也有類似報告評估美國軍事力量的發展,只是它不公開。中共是否只是要美國不公開報告呢?但這也不可能,因為,美國重視公民的知情權,美國國會必須公開其不機密部份。
中國外交部另外的不滿是報告「渲染“中國軍事威脅論”和“軍力不透明”。」所謂“中國軍事威脅論”應指中國的軍事擴張威脅世界和平,但報告並無這一評語。而有關“軍力不透明”,報告則有所涉及,其中一部份是軍費開支。
Using 2014 prices and exchange rates, the DoD estimates that China’s
total military-related spending for 2014 exceeds $165 billion U.S. dollars
(USD). However, it is difficult to estimate actual PLA military expenses due to
China’s poor accounting transparency and incomplete transition from a command
economy. China’s published military budget omits several major categories of
expenditure, such as procurement of foreign weapons and equipment, and research
and development.
China (Official Budget) $136.3
中共在2014年公布的軍費為1360億美元(8300億人民幣),而報告估計應為1萬億人民幣,中共報少兩成。報告認為,中國國防開支隱瞞了外國軍事裝備的採購和其軍事研究和發展的開支。
後記
其實,這類報告是正常國家的慣常行為。美國國防部需要如實向國會報告。美國國會有責任制訂對華政策,包括與華合作和軍方交流。中共既然重視與美合作,便毋須每年例行抗議,有失大國之風。
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