2014年2月12日 星期三

梁國雄『人格謀殺』陳茂波?


梁國雄議員在29/1/2014的立法會上,指責陳茂波在當議員期間失職,令香港的審計制度失去國際認可資格,影響了香港作為國際金融中心的地位。陳茂波反控梁國雄議員對他進行人格謀殺,開創了高官在立法會內指控別人對其『人格謀殺』的先河。
 
大陸資金有不少屬胡塗帳,其中不少是以到國外集資為名,進行洗黑錢,貪污等。大陸資金若要到國外集資,便要提供合乎當地標準的公司年度或綜合賬目審計報告。在美國,有超過二百間中資公司上市。最近,其中多間涉嫌會計造假。美國證交會(SEC)裁定四大會計師行的中國伙伴,違反了美國法律,被判暫停審計美國上市公司資格,為期6個月。這些大陸企業可能因沒有審計機構,不能在美國掛牌交易。
 
香港為了發展其國際金融中心地位,在2008年向歐盟申請成為第三國或地區的等效資格。現在讓我們從歐盟委員會三份文件來客觀地看看這筆胡塗賬吧!
 
COMMISSION DECISION (2008/627/EC)
(1) Under Article 45(1) of Directive 2006/43/EC the competent authorities of the Member States are required to register third-country auditors and audit entities that conduct a statutory audit on certain companies incorporated out with the Community whose transferable securities are admitted to trading on a market regulated within the Community. Article 45(3) of Directive 2006/43/EC requires Member States to subject such registered third-country auditors and audit entities to their systems of oversight quality assurance systems and systems of investigations and penalties.
 
2008年文件表示其附表的國家或地區,為了讓其審計的上市公司的可轉讓證券在歐盟地區的股票市場進行交易,它們必須依2006/43/EU決定向歐盟提交 Form A. 當時的申請附表內有34個國家或地區,香港名列其中。
 
 
 
 COMMISSION DECISION  (2011/30/EU)
The Commission shall monitor the situation of the third countries and territories listed in the Annex. In particular the Commission shall monitor whether the competent administrative authorities of those third countries and territories listed in the Annex that made a public commitment to the Commission to establish public oversight quality assurance investigation and penalty systems for auditors and audit entities have established such systems on the basis of the following principles:
(a) the systems are independent from the audit profession;
(b) they ensure adequate oversight for audits of listed companies;
(c) their operation is transparent and ensures that the outcome of quality assurance reviews is reliable;
(d) they are supported by investigations and penalties in an effective way.
 
 
 
2011年文件表示:歐盟會在未來兩年要求附表的國家立法以保障投資者、會計師和審計行的利益。其關注點為:
1)       審計的公眾監察制度應該獨立。
2)       監察制度應有效地監察上市公司。
3)       監察過程應該有足夠透明度。
4)       監察制度應有足夠的調查和懲罰能力。
2011年通過審核的有十個國家,當中包括中國大陸和美國,有二十個國家和地區的申請獲延期,當中包括香港。 
 
COMMISSION DECISION  (2013/288/EU)
(5) The auditors and audit entities that provide audit reports concerning the annual or consolidated accounts of companies incorporated in Hong Kong India and Israel benefited from the transitional period granted by Decision 2011/30/EU. Since then those third countries or territories have not established an independent system of public oversight quality assurance investigations and penalties. They have not provided information regarding their audit regulatory and oversight systems. Under these circumstances it appears that those third countries or territories have not taken the necessary measures to have their audit regulation recognised by the Commission as equivalent to the public oversight quality assurance investigation and penalty systems for auditors and audit entities of the Member States. Therefore the transitional period granted to them by Decision 2011/30/EU should not be extended in respect of the auditors and audit entities that provide audit reports concerning the annual or consolidated accounts of companies incorporated in those third countries.
 
這段的意思是:
香港、印度和以色列在一方面享受著過渡期的利益,而在另一方面卻不為其審計師和審計實體在公眾監督、保證質量、調查和處罰這三方面建立一個獨立的系統。他們甚至不向委員會提供關於他們在這方面的信息。在這種情況下,這些第三國或地區似乎不準備採取必要措施去爭取符合歐盟會員國的等同制度的資格。因此,委員會決定不延長其過渡期。
2013年獲得等效資格的有十個國家或地方,當中包括台灣;七個國家獲得延期;唯香港、印度和以色列不獲批准延期。
 
整件事情發生2008年至2012年間,陳茂波正是當時的會計界立法會代表。筆者查找了立法會紀錄,發現陳茂波全程沒有為這件事說過一句話,為業界發聲。原來香港申請失敗的其中一個主因,是會計師公會的反對。
 
行會的存在本義是保護業界,促進其健康發展,以利萬民。但不能排除某些謀取私利的,打壓後來者,巴結權貴。這類行為雖然不會構成貪污罪,但與貪污造成社會腐敗的本質無異。梁國雄議員懷疑陳茂波與會計師公會沆瀣一氣,出賣香港利益。陳茂波解釋不了,又怎能怪別人政治謀殺呢?。大陸異見人士作家劉賓雁經歷了毛澤東年代,在其小說中描寫了『第二種忠誠』。我們能否借用他的話,警惕『第二種貪污』呢?
 
 
劉山青

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