2017/9/7 — 20:31
緬甸若開邦的羅興亞人被當地政府軍報復，導致大量逃亡。這是近期的最觸目的人道災難，理應同聲譴責。昂山素姬 Aung San Suu Kyi與土耳其總統的對話(註一)沒有對施虐者譴責，備受各方質疑。（連結）
對她的批評關乎緬甸的民主進程和地區穩定，需要從傳媒角度以外的資訊協助，尤其是她意指很多西方報導是假新聞。
“a lot of fake news
photographs taken elsewhere in the world and not in Burma.”
英國國會的緊急質詢辯論引申了一個思考性問題。（連結）
在緬甸的脆弱的民主化進程中，昂山素姬的地位十分微妙。緬北的羅興亞人問題突然急遽惡化，會否是以在打斷這條政治橋樑，令民主進程倒退？(註二)
The truth is
that if Aung San Suu Kyi were removed from office and Burma’s road towards
democracy were closed off, it would be a calamity not just for the Rohingya but
for every Burmese citizen, so we should not support that.
馬來西亞政府的立場十分強硬，它直指昂山素姬應該出聲(註三)。
As a Nobel
laureate who stood up for the principles of human rights, the international
community had placed high expectation on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to achieve
national peace and reconciliation in Myanmar. It is Malaysia’s hope that she
will be able to fulfil these expectations soon.
各國政府和昂山素姬提及的《顧問委員會報告》是評價昂山素姬有否堅持其民主原則的客觀性文獻。（連結）
這是因為，它是昂山素姬倡議，前聯合國秘書長安南主持，緬甸官方的組織 (註四)。
The Commission
is a national entity and the majority of its members are from Myanmar.
它受命於緬甸政府，目的是找出解決若開邦的困局 (註五)。
the Commission
will analyse the present situation of all communities in Rakhine State, and
seek to identify the factors that have resulted in violence, displacement and
underdevelopment.
調查委員會在2016年9月開始運作，最後報告在今年8月發表，當中披露了一些不爭事實。
若開邦的一個三不管區，當中的羅興亞人是當今最大的一群無社會地位的人，是一人道危機(註六)。
Approximately
120,000 people are still left in camps for Internally Displaced People (IDPs)
若開邦的羅興邦人問題雖然由來已久，但其急遽惡化大約自2016年始，一批羅興亞人反政府武裝份子攻擊政府邊防軍，做成69名反政府武裝份子和17名政府軍死亡。(註七)
The security
situation in Rakhine State deteriorated sharply after 9 October 2016, when
armed attacks on the Border Guard Police in Maungdaw Township resulted in the
loss of life of members of the security forces.
----未完，待續------
備註
註一
The State
Counsellor discussed the issue of Rakhine State
with President
TayyipErdogan of Turkey
Nay Pyi Taw, 5
September - The State CounsellorDawAung San SuuKyi received a telephone call
from President Erdogan and discussed the issue of Rakhine. President Erdogan
said that he is confident that DawAung San SuuKyi as a leader who has faced and
overcome challenges and advocate of human rights will approach the situation
with vision of a long term solution to the issue of Rakhine. He mentioned that
there are concerns worldwide regarding the situation because of the news and
photos that have been widely published.
The State
Counsellor said that “ Weknow very well, more than most, what it means to be
deprived of human rights and democratic protection. So we make sure that all
the people in our country are entitled to protection of their rights as well
as, the right to, and not just political but social and humanitarian defence.”
The State Counsellor also said that the Government has already started
defending all the people in Rakhine in the best way possible and expressed that
there should be no misinformation to create trouble between the two countries
which have good friendly relations for a long time.
She also
intimated to President Erdogan that his Deputy Prime Minister was subjected to
a lot of fake news photographs taken elsewhere in the world and not in Burma.
She said, that kind of fake information which was inflicted on the Deputy Prime
Minister was simply the tip of a huge iceberg of misinformation calculated to
create a lot of problems between different communities and with the aim of
promoting the interest of the terrorists.
She also
expressed that Turkey which has faced the challenges of terrorism and has to
cope with the PKK will understand the challenge that Myanmar has to face. She
also said that for the country, terrorism is new but the Government will do its
best to make sure that this does not expand and spread all over Rakhine.
She expressed
her intention to cooperate with friends from all over the world to make sure
that terrorism does not take root on Myanmar soil and said that everybody in
the country is entitled to and get all the security that they need.
She also
informed President Erdogan that the Government is in the process of setting up
an implementation committee to carrying out the recommendations of Dr. Kofi
Annan’s Commission as soon as possible in line with the reality on the ground.
The President of
Turkey expresses understanding of the challenges faced by Myanmar and the
willingness to maintain the good relations with Myanmar.
註二
Mark Field
The Minister for Asia and the Pacific
I understand the upset that the hon. Lady
feels. Anyone watching the desperate scenes unfold out in Burma and Bangladesh
can only be moved by them. The truth is that if Aung San Suu Kyi were removed
from office and Burma’s road towards democracy were closed off, it would be a
calamity not just for the Rohingya but for every Burmese citizen, so we should
not support that. We must work towards getting Burma on the road to democracy
as much as possible rather than trading one off against the other.
I think the hon.
Lady makes an unfair interpretation of the British Government’s position. We
want to do our level best with what we have in place, but we recognise that
things would be even worse if there were not some semblance of democracy in the
Burmese Government.
註三
STATEMENT BY THE
HONOURABLE DATO’ SRI ANIFAH HAJI AMAN
FOREIGN MINISTER
OF MALAYSIA
ON THE SITUATION
IN RAKHINE STATE, MYANMAR
5 SEPTEMBER 2017
Malaysia is
gravely concerned at the continuous violence perpetrated against the Rohingyas
in the Rakhine State of Myanmar.
Despite repeated
calls by ASEAN Member States for Myanmar to find a solution to the issue in a
peaceful manner, Myanmar has not shown the will nor the desire to do so. Though
the Myanmar Government has given its assurance to implement measures to solve
the problem, the recent incidents of violence as widely reported by the media
shows that little, if any, progress has been achieved.
Given these
developments, Malaysia believes that the matter of sustained violence and discrimination
against the Rohingyas should be elevated to a higher international forum.
As a Nobel
laureate who stood up for the principles of human rights, the international
community had placed high expectation on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to achieve
national peace and reconciliation in Myanmar. It is Malaysia’s hope that she
will be able to fulfil these expectations soon.
The Ministry
today summoned the Ambassador of Myanmar to Malaysia to express Malaysia’s
displeasure on the latest situation of violence in the Rakhine State.
註四
In September
2016, following a request from Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the State Counsellor of
Myanmar, the Kofi Annan Foundation and the Office of the State Counsellor
established an Advisory Commission on Rakhine State. The Commission is a
national entity and the majority of its members are from Myanmar. It was
mandated to examine the complex challenges facing Rakhine State and to propose
responses to those challenges. Over the past twelve months, my fellow
commissioners and I have travelled and consulted widely. We met with political
leaders and communities across Rakhine State as well as with Government
ministers and officials in Naypyitaw, with civil society and religious leaders,
with Myanmar’s international and regional partners and individual experts.
Those consultations are the basis for the analysis, ideas, concerns and
recommendations of the final report of the Commission. The importance of our
task was both underlined and complicated by the attacks on security personnel
that took place in northern Rakhine State in October 2016. While those attacks,
and the subsequent security operations, greatly increased tensions, they also
reinforced our determination to find durable solutions to the instability and
insecurity that continue to blight the prospects of Rakhine State.
註五
(a) The mandate,
structure and composition of the Rakhine Advisory Commission
The Advisory
Commission on Rakhine State, chaired by Mr Kofi Annan, was established on 5
September 2016 at the behest of Myanmar’s State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu
Kyi. According to the Commission’s Terms of Reference – agreed by the
Government of Myanmar and the Kofi Annan Foundation – the Commission will
analyse the present situation of all communities in Rakhine State, and seek to
identify the factors that have resulted in violence, displacement and
underdevelopment. In doing so, the Commission will consider humanitarian
issues, living conditions, access to health, education and livelihoods, the
question of citizenship and freedom of movement, and the assurance of basic
rights. In accordance with established international standards, the Commission
was mandated to develop recommendations within fi ve thematic areas: confl ict
prevention, humanitarian assistance, reconciliation, institution building and
development.
註六
On one level,
Rakhine represents a development crisis. The state is marked by chronic poverty
from which all communities suffer, and lags behind the national average in
virtually every area. Protracted confl ict, insecure land tenure and lack of
livelihood opportunities have resulted in signifi cant migration out of the
state, reducing the size of the work force and undermining prospects of
development and economic growth. Movement restrictions on the Muslim population
hurt the economy. The failure to improve inter-communal relations, enforced
segregation and the simmering threat of violence and instability continue to
deter private sector investment. Although Rakhine is rich in natural resources,
the development of extractive industries – such as oil and gas-related
investments in Kyawkpyuh – have not generated a signifi cant number of new jobs
nor other benefi ts for local residents. Both Rakhine and Muslim communities
feel marginalised and disempowered by decisions taken in Naypyitaw.
Rakhine also
represents a human rights crisis. While all communities have suffered from
violence and abuse, protracted statelessness and profound discrimination have
made the Muslim community particularly vulnerable to human rights violations.
Some ten percent of the world’s stateless people live in Myanmar, and the
Muslims in Rakhine constitute the single biggest stateless community in the
world. The community faces a number of restrictions which affect basic rights
and many aspects of their daily lives. Approximately 120,000 people are still
left in camps for Internally Displaced People (IDPs). The community has been
denied political representation, and is generally excluded from Myanmar’s body
politic. Efforts by the Government to verify citizenship claims have failed to
win the confi dence of either Muslim or Rakhine communities. 10 Towards a
Peaceful, Fair and Prosperous Future for the People of Rakhine
Finally, Rakhine is also a security crisis. As
witnessed by the Commission during its many consultations across Rakhine State,
all communities harbour deep-seated fears, with the legacy of the violence of
2012 fresh in many minds. While Muslims resent continued exclusion, the Rakhine
community worry about becoming a minority in the state in the future.
Segregation has worsened the prospects for mutual understanding. The Government
has to step up its efforts to ensure that all communities feel safe and in
doing so, restore inter-communal cohesion. Time alone will not heal Rakhine.
註七
The security
situation in Rakhine State deteriorated sharply after 9 October 2016, when
armed attacks on the Border Guard Police in Maungdaw Township resulted in the
loss of life of members of the security forces. The attacks were purportedly
carried out by a Muslim armed group called Harakat al-Yaqin (later renamed
Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army), which, according to some analysts, has ties to
Rakhine Muslim émigrés residing in Saudi Arabia.1 The group overran a security
post north of Maungdaw Town, seizing weapons and ammunition. During the
subsequent military and police operation, violence and destruction of private
property led to a signifi cant number of Muslims fl eeing across the border to
Bangladesh. Some members of the Rakhine community were also forced to fl ee.
Violence seemed to peak in mid-November, when clashes allegedly left 69
insurgents and 17 security forces dead.
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