美國國會不忘六四

2017年6月1日，美國國會轄下的“國會及行政當局中國委員會”在六四前夕向習近平發出公開信。信件由包括委員會正副主席在內的全數16名委員中的8位委員簽署(註一)。其標題為：“國會及行政當局中國委員會”關注“天安門大屠殺二十八週年”。公開信的摘要為：“全面公開六四真相和讓國民公開討論是促進中美關係的重要里程”。

信件(註二)翻譯如下：

尊敬的習主席：

這是美國國會屬下的“國會及行政當局中國委員會”的跨黨派成員，在六四28週年悼念日之際，寫給閣下的公開信。

美國國會於每年六四都會悼念天安門屠殺事件，為的了是這麼多的死難者，為的了是這麼多的前學運領袖奔走各地游說，為的了是中國人自己無法悼念這一事實。六四對美中關係影響深遠。

中國禁止公開和網上討論六四，其對中國的負面影響比其近期歷史上的其他事情為大。

開放六四史實對中國公民來說至關重要，對我們尋求更有成效的中美關係的人來說，也至關重要。

我們因此要求貴國政府允許國民公開評價天安門事件，並停止迫害天安門母親。她們只是尋回1989年6月3日、4日或其後的死去或失踪的家人資訊。

我們仍然關心那些因為悼念六四而被監禁、扣留或其他形式官方限制的人。這些人包括曾參與六四，在羈押期間中風，健康狀況欠佳的于世文、唐荊陵、陳雲飛、陳西（陳友才）、劉少明、徐志強（聖觀），袁新亭。

過去三年來，我們一直尋求釋放這些人，我們莊重地要求無條件釋放他們，以表示貴國政府開放六四史禁。我們呼籲釋放在2016年生產「銘記八酒六四」白酒以悼念六四的符海陸、張雋勇、羅譽富、陳兵。我們因2015年7月9日捲席全中國的針對維權律師的「709大抓捕」而受到嚴重困擾。有關的濫用酷刑、人間蒸發和強迫認罪的報導令人不安；其牽連家人受到恐嚇和非法拘留也如是。

我們要求無條件釋放江天勇、王全璋、周世锋、勾洪國（戈平）、翟岩民、吴淦，並調查有關酷刑的報導，特別是有報導指出被拘留者被迫攝入大量未知名藥物，或精神科藥物。正在進行的對政治犯的監禁、酷刑和打壓維權運動破壞了閣下 對法治的承諾。此外，我們敦促閣下 釋放郭飛雄(楊茂東)、胡石根、謝文飛、蘇昌蘭、黃琦、劉飛躍，及其他被捕維權人士。

本著以改善美中關係為主的精神，我們鄭重地提出上述要求。我們堅信，更高透明度，遵守國際標準，發展法治是從打擊腐敗到建立投資者信心，從網絡安全，到維護亞太穩定的促進雙邊共同利益的方法。我們相信，公布六四真相會為中國政府和民間帶來國內和國外利益。

敬希考慮我們的要求。

2017年6月1日

後記

“國會及行政當局中國委員會”對中港事務十分敢言，曾受香港政府(註三)和中國政府多次指責。六四關乎普世價值，美國國會委員會也表示不會忘記六四。在立法會六四辯論中，何君堯更投票支持，期望建制派拿出良心，不忘歷史。

相比之下，中大學生會在六四前夕發表敵對性聲明(註四)，“六四情不再，悼念何時了”，令人恥笑。中大學生會本應堅持公義。它自己不辦活動，本已不該，但多少尚是它自己的事。它所說的：“倒不如撇除愛國情懷，建立真正屬於港人的政治活動”全屬歪理。這份聲明之所以屬敵對性，因為它攻擊別人參與某個社會活動。以筆者為例，當年參與社運與帶有多少愛國情懷，本屬兩碼子事。

隨後的「鄰國嘅嘢」唔關我事(註五) 更是火上加油，引起梁振英發言(註六)。政治是現實的，本土派借題攻擊支聯會，只是掩耳盜鈴。它觸動了中共神經，最終是要港人埋單。港人不要受騙。

附錄

註一

U.S. Senate

U.S. House of Representatives

Senator Marco Rubio - Chairman (2015)*   Signed

Senator James Lankford - (2015)

Senator Tom Cotton - (2015)                          Signed    

Senator Steve Daines - (2015)

Senator Todd Young - (2017)

Senator Dianne Feinstein - (2001)

Senator Jeff Merkley - (2011)                         Signed

Senator Gary Peters - (2015)

Senator Angus King - (2017)

Representative Christopher Smith - Cochairman (2007)*             Signed

Representative Robert Pittenger (2013)                                                Signed

Representative Trent Franks (2015)

Representative Randy Hultgren (2015)                                          Signed

Representative Marcy Kaptur (2001)                                             Signed

Representative Tim Walz (2007)                                                    Signed

Representative Ted Lieu (2015)

Joining Senator Marco Rubio and Representative Chris Smith, respectively the CECC’s Chair and Cochair, in signing the letter were Commissioners Senators Jeff Merkley and Tom Cotton and Representatives Timothy Walz, Robert Pittenger, Randy Hultgren, and Marcy Kaptur. 

註二

CECC Marks 28th Anniversary of Tiananmen Massacre with Bipartisan Congressional Letter To Chinese President Xi Jinping

CECC Commissioners Say Transparency About 1989 Events a “Vital Concern” for Those Seeking More Productive U.S.-China Relations

June 1, 2017

(Washington, DC)—A bipartisan group of lawmakers from the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) urged Chinese President Xi Jinping to lift restrictions on public discussion of the Tiananmen protests and their violent suppression and to release individuals detained for commemorating the June 4 anniversary and human rights lawyers detained in the “709” crackdown.

In the letter, Commissioners expressed their belief that “greater transparency, adherence to international standards, and the development of the rule of law are the keys to advancing a range of mutual bilateral interests from fighting corruption to building investor confidence, from ensuring cybersecurity to maintaining stability and security in the Pacific…an honest accounting of the events of 1989 will reap domestic and global benefits for the Chinese government and the Chinese people.”  Text of the letter can be found below.

Joining Senator Marco Rubio and Representative Chris Smith, respectively the CECC’s Chair and Cochair, in signing the letter were Commissioners Senators Jeff Merkley and Tom Cotton and Representatives Timothy Walz, Robert Pittenger, Randy Hultgren, and Marcy Kaptur.  

The Commissioners also said in the letter that they were “gravely troubled” by the nationwide campaign targeting Chinese human rights lawyers and rights advocates that started in July 2015 and asked the Chinese President to unconditionally release those still detained and investigate reports of torture, including the forced ingestion of “unknown substances with adverse psychological and physical effects.”

Among others, the Commissioners urged the release of Tang Jingling, Jiang Tianyong, Wang Quanzhang, Wu Gan, Guo Feixiong (Yang Maodong) and Su Changlan.  These, and other prisoners of conscience cases, are featured as part of the CECC’s #FreeChinasHeroes initiative.

CECC Releases New Analysis on the Suppression of Wukan Village Protests: The analysis concludes that official corruption and lack of effective redress mechanisms lay at the heart of the protests in Wukan, China’s “Democracy Village” in Guangdong province, and the location of repeated demonstrations over government land grabs since 2011. Chinese officials’ suppression of Wukan village in 2016 has dampened observers’ previous hopes for grassroots democratic reforms and legitimate public participation in China.

Text of Commissioner's Letter:

June 1, 2017

His Excellency Xi Jinping

President of the People’s Republic of China

Dear President Xi:

We write as members of the bipartisan U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) on the 28th anniversary of the violent suppression of nationwide demonstrations in support of democratic reform in China that took place in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square and other cities in China in the spring of 1989. 

We solemnly commemorate the Tiananmen massacre each year in the U.S. Congress because of the lives lost and persons permanently injured, because of the profound impact the event has had on U.S.-China relations, because so many former student leaders have made important and lasting contributions to global understanding of China, and because the Chinese people themselves are unable to mark this event.

The ongoing prohibition of public and online discussion of what transpired in the spring and summer of 1989 has done more to negatively shape global perceptions of the Chinese government than anything else in your country’s recent history.  Open information about the Tiananmen massacre and its aftermath is crucial for Chinese citizens, and is a vital concern to those of us seeking more productive U.S.-China relations.

We respectively ask that your government allow uncensored, public discussions of the Tiananmen protests and to end retaliation against those, like the Tiananmen Mothers, seeking information about family members who died or disappeared on or after June 3 and 4, 1989.

We remain concerned about those who are imprisoned, detained, or held under other types of official restrictions in connection with their attempts to commemorate the Tiananmen protests, including Yu Shiwen who took part in the protests in 1989 and is now reportedly in poor health due to a stroke he had in detention, and others such as Tang Jingling, Chen Yunfei, Chen Xi (Chen Youcai), Liu Shaoming, Xu Zhiqiang (Sheng Guan), and Yuan Xinting (Yuan Chaoyang).  We have been seeking the release of these individuals for the past three years, and we respectfully ask that they be unconditionally released to demonstrate your government’s commitment to transparency about the history of the Tiananmen protests.  We also urge the release of Fu Hailu, Luo Fuyu, Zhang Juanyong, and Chen Bing, who were detained in 2016 in connection with the production of satirical liquor bottles meant to commemorate the anniversary of the Tiananmen protests. 

We are also gravely troubled by the sweeping, nationwide campaign—the “709 Crackdown”—that targeted Chinese rights lawyers and rights advocates starting on July 9, 2015.  The reports of torture in detention, forced disappearances, and public confessions are particularly troubling as are the intimidation and illegal detentions faced by family members.  We ask that Jiang Tianyong, Wang Quanzhang, Zhou Shifeng, Gou Hongguo (Ge Ping), Zhai Yanmin, and Wu Gan be unconditionally released and that you investigate reports of torture, particularly reports indicating that those detained were forced to ingest large amounts of unknown substances with adverse psychological and physical effects. The ongoing campaign to imprison, torture, and disbar human rights lawyers undermines your public commitments to develop the rule of law in China. Moreover, we urge you to release Guo Feixiong (Yang Maodong), Hu Shigen, Xie Wenfei, Su Changlan, Huang Qi, Liu Feiyue, and others detained or imprisoned for their rights advocacy.

We make the above requests respectfully in the spirit of improving U.S.-China relations.  We firmly believe that greater transparency, adherence to international standards, and the development of the rule of law are the keys to advancing a range of mutual bilateral interests from fighting corruption to building investor confidence, from ensuring cybersecurity to maintaining stability and security in the Pacific. We believe an honest accounting of the events of 1989 will reap domestic and global benefits for the Chinese government and the Chinese people.

We thank you for considering our request.

註三

特區政府回應美國國會及行政當局中國委員會聲明

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

　　美國「國會及行政當局中國委員會」發表聲明，就涉及2014年違法佔中的學生領袖接受審訊表示關注，香港特別行政區政府（特區政府）今日（二日二十八日）回應傳媒查詢時作以下回覆：

　　特區政府一直奉行法治。任何人士被拘捕及檢控均按香港法律進行，而被檢控人士均由法庭依法作獨立、公正及公開的審訊和裁決。

　　香港特區律政司負責獨立處理所有刑事檢控工作，不受任何干涉。在決定和進行檢控時，律政司不會考慮任何政治因素，絕對不存在政治檢控。

　　香港的檢控及審訊純屬特區事務，不容外國插手干預，對美國「國會及行政當局中國委員會」公開評論已經進入司法程序的案件，特區政府表示遺憾。美國「國會及行政當局中國委員會」應尊重香港特區的法律制度、司法制度和司法獨立，不適宜就已進入司法程序的案件發表公開評論。

完

２０１６年２月２８日（星期日）

香港時間２０時４９分

註四

中大學生會就著「六四事件」之聲明

六月三日

【六四情不再，悼念何時了】

一九八九年六月四日，中國人民解放軍於天安門暴力鎮壓、屠殺八九民運人士，可見中共乃是殘暴不仁的殺人政權，本性難移，古今一徹。事隔廿八載，今日維園六四悼念晚會再現，「建設民主中國」綱領依舊，「平反六四」訴求遙不可及，支聯會不思進取，行禮如儀的悼念，意於消費六四，利用民眾之道德感情，換取政治本錢，本會絕不予以認同，同時寄望港人認清六四之本土意義，以免使悼念淪為愛國情懷之政治搖籃，或是將悼念成為另類政治正確。

六四屠城二十八週年，中大學生會將不會舉辦或參加任何六四相關活動。不舉辦記念活動並不代表我們遺忘六四，屠城史實經已記載於史書，記憶亦早已深印於腦海，燭光無助傳承和延續意義。本會絕對尊重當年六四學子為民主自由的付出，我們需堅守其所堅持之普世價值，港人廿八年來風雨不改的悼念，可印證我們對此之執著。如基於人道理由悼念六四亡魂，日後港人仍可自行悼念，如仍對六四意義之去留存有疑問，港人亦可繼續討論去尋找答案，但本會之答案非常明確，就是集體式悼念終需有停頓或結束的一日。

面對赤化之禍，港共政權壓逼港人，不必依靠六四牢記此不義的政權，打壓民主、自由和本土價值的戲碼，每天都在香港社會上演，活生生地警惕著我們，港人應立身本土，先時刻認清中國殖民之事實，將心力重新投放於切身之患，而非悼念二十多年前中國所發生之慘劇。去年中大舉辦聯校六四論壇，主題為「重鑒六四意義，構想香港前路」，事隔一年，就六四之討論並無新進展，如六四未能與現今香港社會作連繫，盲目繼續舉辦活動，最後只會淪於形式化、消費六四，假若他朝六四屠城對現今香港社會有新啟示，屆時再借而討論亦未嘗不可。

昔日港人聲援北京八九民運，至今屠城畫面仍歷歷在目，是為港人政治覺醒之初，多年悼念亦能勾起共同回憶，燃燒民族愛國情懷，前人希望將精神薪火相傳，昐能永續接棒，延續過往所強調的民族情感，直至千秋萬世。時代交替，愛國情懷消散殆盡，本土身份認同抬頭， 對新一代而言，六四之意義所剩無幾，而本土社運才是他們的政治啟蒙，雨傘運動的公民覺醒，魚蛋革命的勇武抗爭，深深感染年青一代。我們應先以港人本位，聚焦於近年本土社運，以至本土歷史如香港保衛戰、六七暴動及九七主權移交；我們應立於本土之先，而非自困於六四之死胡同，方可於討論中找尋出路。與其將一個承載著愛國民族情懷的六四，作為港人年度政治活動、民氣聚集之時，霸佔港人之共同記憶，倒不如撇除愛國情懷，建立真正屬於港人的政治活動，將本土思潮注入港人之議程和願景之中。

不悼念不代表我們會停止抗爭，中共暴政仍在奴役港人，我們仍需戰鬥到底。只惜悼念無助解決切身之患，本會相信悼念經已走到盡頭，六四需要被劃下休止符，直至回聲再響。

註五

浸大SU指六四屬鄰國事　被嘲只識派避孕套

06月04日(日)

麥筠瑋形容六四事件是「鄰國嘅嘢」，陶君行怒斥對方口講譴責、實為遺忘。

六四事件踏入28周年，但近年在本土思潮下悼念與否成為世代之爭。支聯會今晚會按傳統在維園舉行燭光晚會，但各大專院校學生會連續第二年拒絕出席。浸會大學學生會外務副幹事長麥筠瑋今出席電台節目表示，認同六四是反人類慘案，中共有需要付出代價，但形容是「鄰國嘅嘢」，認為應將重心放在本土議題。同場的前學聯秘書長陶君行便怒斥對方口講譴責、實為遺忘，「舊年仲會(另)搞論壇，今年就乜都唔搞，淨係派避孕套！」質疑有關大專學生會根本言行不一，連中學學生會亦不如。

註六

以下是行政長官梁振英今日（六月六日）上午出席行政會議前會見傳媒的談話全文：

記者：有學生認為不應該再悼念六四，你怎樣看？以及你個人對六四的立場是否與二十八年前一樣？

行政長官：香港是有表達言論自由的，不同政見人士在香港只要表達方式合法，是有自由表達不同的政見。至於有年青同學，由於他對中國人身分的認同表示他們不悼念六四，這個我相信只要他們能夠深思一下，是會知道香港是中國一部分。香港絕大多數市民，我相信亦包括大學同學都是中國人民一份子，無論他們自己怎樣想，社會人士包括國際社會都會看待他們為中國人。即使有一些香港朋友拿着外國護照去到外國，事實上，外國的朋友不看你的護照，看你的姓名，看你的文化背景，看你的出身，都當你是中國人。所以，我看在我們國家發展這個問題上，每一個香港人，香港人當中的中國人，每一個中國人民的一份子，都應該積極地為國家未來發展的方方面面貢獻自己積極的力量。

2017年6月6日（星期二）

香港時間10時46分