2018年1月3日 星期三

香港與新加坡的跨國企業地區總部的比較


亞太區的全球性經濟被預測為從目前的31%上升到2030年的36%,因而跨國企業重視在亞太區設立地區總部。亞太區的地區總部排名次序為新加坡,香港,上海,悉尼,東京和北京(1)。但地區總部的概念正在改變,財團發覺將所有活動集中在一組建築物內未必划算。這影響了企業財資中心的定位。

香港:地區商務樞紐

投資推廣署表示,香港在2016年有1379個地區總部,最大數目的來自日本。但從2007年至今,其增長率很低,約為毎年12%。全數外地註港公司為7986家,就業人數為35萬人。這些公司以少於20人的佔約7成。




根據另一項按年統計調查 顯示,於2016 年,母公司在海外及內地的駐港公司共有7,986 家。在這些公司中,3,731 家為地區總部及地區辦事處。此統計調查內的公司為香港創造了435,000 個就業機會。

新加坡現況

新加坡擁有不少國際知名的跨國企業在其設立地區總部,例如:博世、卡爾蔡司、拜爾、寶馬、索尼、松下、怡安、臉書、推特、微軟、蘋果、谷歌、輝瑞、迪斯尼、雪佛龍、通用電氣、利維斯特勞斯公司、思科系統、通用汽車、UPS快遞服務、惠普等。(註九)

集團營業額為279億英鎊的全球第六大藥廠的英國葛蘭素史克有限公司,在2017年在新加坡設立地區總部,新的地區總部將佔地14,330 平方米,僱用800位員工。(註六)

新加坡的優勢為:
一,方便企業進入印度;
二,政治穩定,由於政府嚴格執行法規,2015年被列為亞洲腐敗最少的國家,世界第六大腐敗國家 IMD世界競爭力報告)。
三,知識產權(IP)保護,新加坡為亞洲知識產權最重要的目的地,它使得新加坡成為企業建立研發(RD)部門的有吸引力的目的地。(7 )

但新加坡也面對很大的競爭壓力,例如,一些航運公司,如Subsea 7 Still,正將其地區總部遷出新加坡。馬士基航運集裝箱航運集團在2015年宣布將新亞太區總部設在香港。麥克德莫特,TechnipSaipem - 已經搬遷到吉隆坡。(8)




JETRO Singapore2015年發表了日本公司在新加坡設立地區總部的第四次調查報告,顯示日本公司從201014年有大幅增長。(與此同時,香港的數字則不理想。)(10)

In terms of factors such as tax incentives and convenience of access within the Asian region, we believe that there are significant advantages in establishing RHQ in Singapore. (Non-manufacturing)



租金

香港一直為全球最昂貴的辦公室租金,僅次於倫敦和紐約。在每平方米的基礎上,香港幾乎比上海和新加坡貴一倍,其空間利用率為三個市場中最糟糕。相比之下,新加坡的空間利用率最高。(3)



稅務 

    香港的企業稅約為盈利的16.5%,而新加坡約為510%(2)。為此香港在2016年修訂稅務條例,調整利息扣除規則,消除不對稱的情況,並對合資格企業財資中心的指明財資業務的相關利潤實施進一步利得稅寬減50%,惠及100200家在香港設有企業財資中心的跨國企業。

陳德霖在2017828日表示,“華能集團、國家電投及三峽集團計劃短期內在本港開展或擴充企業財資中心業務;中石油集團、中廣核集團、上汽集團、TCL集團等籌備來港設立或進一步拓展企業財資中心;一些跨國企業例如Newell Brands Inc.、日立金融等,亦計劃利用香港擴充它們的企業財資中心功能。”(註四)

但港府只是講D唔講D,其修例似乎只吸引大陸國企。日本3大商業銀行銀行之一的瑞穗銀行的2016年研究報告發現,香港的企業融資業務稅務優惠 (CTC)並不如新加坡的吸引(FTC)。由於地區總行的概念不斷改變,日本銀行的地區總行包括很大部份的其他業務,令其不符合香港的扣稅要求。有4成的受訪銀行表示,它們在目前雖然符合要求,但它們不知道在未來是否符合要求。有6成受訪者表示無意申請CTC ,而相反,在新加坡的銀行則積極申請FTC,包括重組其業務以符合要求。這是一明顯的分別。
當香港在20165月通過CTC之際,新加坡的FTC 原應在當年3月結束,但新加坡延長了它,並將稅務優惠由10%減至8%。與此同時,泰國和馬來西亞在2015年尾在東盟經濟共同體成立之前,也為企業財資中心引入稅務優惠,令地區政府之間的競爭加劇。

總結

香港的問題是:一,開發商業優質用地的速度太慢;二,其稅務優惠並不成功,特別是2016年的企業財資中心修例;三,其法治和廉潔度受到大陸侵蝕;四,社會的不穩定因素被外商關注;五,地產霸權腐蝕整個社會。
而另一方面,以中國市場為主的外商可以直接在上海或北京設立地區總部。從圖表的走勢上看,香港政府的政策努力似乎沒有成效。筆者認為,在5個因素中,地產霸權為最,若不能解決這問題,香港無力與新加坡競爭。



----------------全文完--------------

備註

註一


The analysis shows that all of the six cities covered – Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Sydney, Tokyo and Beijing – have their positive, and negative, aspects, but that on balance Singapore comes out on top. While Sydney and Tokyo are established RHQ destinations, their location on the geographic periphery of the Asia Pacific region counts against them both. However, recent depreciation of their respective currencies has resulted in a reduction in costs, which acts in their favor. Beijing has seen costs rise including cost of acquiring land as well increasing employment costs. As the political center of China, Beijing has its fair share of state-owned enterprises, however it is also quite entrepreneurial. Beijing is the country’s single largest hub of both mature TMT industries and incubator for related start-ups.

Considering the top 3, Shanghai which placed third, has been the great improver – increasing from just 53 RHQs in 2003 to 470 in 2014 at an average annual growth rate of 21% per annum. Direct access into China has been the main propulsion behind the rise of Shanghai, though it has also been aided by its diverse economic base, access to local talent and that it is the commercial heart of China. However the rising cost of land and cost of leasing prime properties are concerns, as are rising salaries and mounting local business competition.

註二

https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2017/10/tnf-hong-kong-regional-headquarter-tax-incentive-would-benefit-local-economy.html
FATCA, CRS information for 2016 reports in Guernsey
Additional validations and corrections relating to FATCA, CRS 2016 reporting in Guernsey

While Hong Kong is a leading international financial centre and regional business hub, Singapore has historically been seen as the clear leader in the Asia Pacific region as a regional headquarter hub. Hong Kong currently does not have a regional headquarter tax incentive regime. Accordingly, profits of a Hong Kong regional headquarter generally are subject to profits tax at a rate of 16.5%, whereas the tax rate under the regional headquarter tax incentive in Singapore typically ranges between 5% to 10% on eligible profits.

註三

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160407005681/en/Asia-Pacific-Regional-Headquarters-Singapore-Top-Competition

The report notes, that Asia Pacific is forecast to increase its share of Global GDP from 31% in 2015 to 36% in 2030. As businesses continue to seek locations that are close to their target growth markets, the number of RHQs located in Asia Pacific is therefore expected to increase.


The analysis shows that all of the six cities covered – Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Sydney, Tokyo and Beijing – have their positive, and negative, aspects, but that on balance Singapore comes out on top. While Sydney and Tokyo are established RHQ destinations, their location on the geographic periphery of the Asia Pacific region counts against them both. However, recent depreciation of their respective currencies has resulted in a reduction in costs, which acts in their favor. Beijing has seen costs rise including cost of acquiring land as well increasing employment costs. As the political center of China, Beijing has its fair share of state-owned enterprises, however it is also quite entrepreneurial. Beijing is the country’s single largest hub of both mature TMT industries and incubator for related start-ups.


In addition, Hong Kong has regularly been near the top of the most expensive office locations around the world in which to rent space, normally placing behind London and New York. Indeed, on a per square meter basis, Hong Kong is practically twice as expensive as Shanghai and Singapore. The differences are further increased on a per workstation measure, with Hong Kong having the worst space efficiency of the three markets. In contrast, not only is Singapore the most space efficient market of the top three but as a result of rental decline in 2015, it is the cheapest on both a per square meter and per workstation basis.

註四

“一年多來,我們已接觸逾百家中外企業,當中超過30家表示正積極考慮來港成立或擴充企業財資中心。除了之前提到的三家央企,還有不少內地大型企業(如:中石油集團、中廣核集團、上汽集團、TCL集團等)作為先頭部隊,紛紛籌備來港設立或進一步拓展企業財資中心,支援他們海外的業務。「行動最實際」,這正好是對香港最佳的宣傳,吸引不少其他公司跟隨。事實上,一些跨國企業例如Newell Brands Inc.、日立金融等,亦計劃利用香港擴充它們的企業財資中心功能。”


註五


https://www.mizuhobank.com/fin_info/cndb/economics/kanan_asia/pdf/R421-0058-XF-0105.pdf

企業財資中心
香港立法會於2016 5 26 日通過《2015 年稅務(修訂)(4 )條例草案》(條例草案). 2016 年稅務(修訂)(2 )條例》(修訂條例)

2016年稅務(修訂)(第2號)條例》主要是調整利息扣除規則,容許在符合指明條件的情況下,企業集團內部融資業務的相關利息支出在計算利得稅時可獲扣免。另外,合資格企業財資中心的指明財資業務的相關利潤的利得稅率獲減一半,即是由現時的16.5%減至8.25%
http://www.hkma.gov.hk/chi/key-information/insight/20160603.shtml



ISE01/15-16

主題:    財經事務、財資活動集中化、稅務優惠、財資樞杻       


Tag Cloud
亞洲商業市場越來越重要,鼓勵了跨國企業在區內設立企業財資中心。企業財資中心普遍被視為跨國企業的"內部銀行",為集團屬下公司提供各種財資服務。企業財資中心的主要活動一般包括:(a) 集團內部資金借貸;(b) 現金與流動資金管理;(c) 向服務供應商付款;(d) 協助集團集資;以及(e) 風險管理。此外,企業財資中心亦可代表集團總部履行管控職能,以及協助監察地區規例和市場變化。
從跨國企業的角度來看,集中財資活動的運作和管理,有助達到規模經濟、提高效率,以及把各程序與過程標準化。政府早前建議修訂《稅務條例》(112),在符合指明條件下,為企業財資中心提供稅務優惠,以吸引跨國企業及內地企業來港建立企業財資中心。政府當局曾於20156月向財經事務委員會簡報有關建議。據政府表示,當局將於2015-2016立法年度向立法會提交相關的立法建議。
不少亞洲城市希望成為區內的財資樞紐,冀能受惠於各式各樣的財資活動。根據一項有關企業財資中心的調查,新加坡是亞洲區內設立企業財資中心的首選地點,而香港則緊隨其後。本期《資訊述要》旨在概述新加坡向當地企業財資中心提供的稅務優惠、香港現時及擬

    在預扣稅的規例下,付款人向非新加坡居民支付利息時,須預扣15%的款項作為稅款。被扣除的稅款會送交稅務局。

2. 有關擬議稅務規例的資料來自政府當局於20156月向財經事務委員會作出的簡報。請參閱Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (2015).

3. 在總部計劃下,符合指明條件的地區總部公司或可按15%的較低稅率繳納公司利得稅,為期3年。若有關公司在該3年優惠期間能夠維持各項最低規定,則可獲額外兩年時間按15%的優惠稅率就合資格收入課稅

註六

PUBLISHEDOCT 30, 2017, 2:39 PM SGTUPDATEDOCT 30, 2017, 6:34 PM
Chia Yan MinEconomics Correspondent
SINGAPORE - British pharmaceutical giant GSK officially opened its Asia headquarters here on Monday (Oct 30).

http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/pharma-giant-gsks-regional-hq-in-singapore-will-nurture-asia-talent-for

 The Singapore headquarters will work alongside GSK's US hub to support its global headquarters in Britain in managing commercial activities around the world.

More than 800 employees work there, including the senior regional leadership teams of the pharmaceuticals, vaccines and consumer healthcare businesses.



The Singapore headquarters will work alongside GSK's US hub to support its global headquarters in Britain in managing commercial activities around the world.

The company declined to reveal how much it invested in the 14,330 sq m facility, which has been up and running since May.

GSK was the first global healthcare company to establish a presence in Singapore, opening an outlet in 1959. Since then, it has invested more than US$2.5 billion here.

註七

Should Companies Move Their Headquarters to Singapore?

TOPICS:Singapore.
.
Posted By: Shona July 3, 2016




 
Singapore has always been an attractive location for multinational companies to set up their regional headquarters. In recent years, a vibrant startup ecosystem is also growing in Singapore, placing it to be among the top tech startup hubs in the world. But what are the factors that have contributed into making Singapore to be an attractive location for businesses to establish their headquarters?

Here are some contributing factors that could entice businesses to establish or relocate their headquarters to Singapore.
----
Since 2010, the government has been implementing measures to moderate the influx of foreign workers into Singapore. This results in higher labour costs as the local labour market becomes increasingly tight. The cost of living in Singapore is also high with Singapore being ranked as the world’s most expensive city to live in for three consecutive years since 2014.

The small local market may also deter businesses from establishing or relocating their headquarters into Singapore. For businesses whose growth markets are mainly located in North Asia, the 5 to 6-hour flight from Singapore may be far from being ideal.

Final Thoughts

In a study by Towers Watson Asia, it was found that among 319 global Fortune 500 companies, 41 percent chose Singapore to be their Asia Pacific headquarters. This favorable outlook may be attributed to Singapore’s strategic location, its economic and political stability, pro-business stance, a skilled workforce and world-class infrastructure. Startups intending to establish or relocate their businesses to Singapore may take advantage of the government-led incentives and grants, its access to venture capital investments, and its robust and vibrant startup ecosystem.

However, Singapore will continue to face stiff competition from countries such as Hong Kong and China, in attracting businesses to establish their regional headquarters. The rising cost of labour and doing business in the country are some of the challenges that Singapore has to mitigate in order to maintain its competitiveness in the world’s market.

註八

Singapore
More firms setting up regional headquarters in Singapore, even as others relocate
Although more firms in industries like aerospace and biomedical are seeking to set up their regional headquarters here, other firms are shifting out of Singapore amid challenging economic conditions.



By Nicole Tan @NicoleTanCNA
03 Mar 2016 10:14AM
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SINGAPORE: A growing number of firms that require higher value-add capabilities – such as those in the aerospace and biomedical industries – are seeking to set up their regional headquarters in Singapore, even as others are moving out of the city-state to cut costs, observers said.

The city-state remains a key hub for business activities such as research and development (R&D) and training, amid the shift in focus towards higher value-add activities, economists said.

Said Mr Harvey Koenig, head of ASEAN Incentives Advisory at KPMG: "Singapore is a high-cost location and not every industry will be able to work through Singapore. Sectors such as aerospace, biomedical science and financial services have continued to come and invest in Singapore by virtue of things like political stability, being able to find the right kind of talent, and supporting infrastructure like banking facilities to support high value-added activities.

"Singapore continues to provide support for research and development, and grants to spur activities such as this."

Mr Jeff Ng, an economist for Southeast Asia at Standard Chartered Bank, said companies engaged in higher value-added manufacturing or those in the information communications, financial services and tourism sectors could be attracted to Singapore as the Government has been focusing on these sectors over the last few decades.

SOME RELOCATING TO 'RATIONALISE CAPITAL'


原文網址:https://kknews.cc/finance/bzga99.html

Still, some firms are shifting their regional headquarters out of Singapore. Container carrier Maersk Line recently announced plans to merge its Asia headquarters in Singapore and Hong Kong into a single head office in Hong Kong. Meanwhile, other offshore and marine firms - including Subsea 7, McDermott, Technip and Saipem - have relocated to Kuala Lumpur.

馬士基航運公司在2015114日宣佈將進行組織架構調整,自201611日起,馬士基航運公司將此前的亞太區(包括東南亞和大洋洲)和北亞區(包括中國大陸、香港、台灣、韓國和日本)合併組成新的亞太業務區域,此舉使得馬士基航運公司總業務區域數量從8個減至7個。新亞太區總部設在香港。

註九

Global Companies with Regional Headquarters in Singapore
TOPICS:Headquarters Singapore
POSTED BY: SHONA AUGUST 8, 2016

http://www.demystifyasia.com/global-companies-regional-headquarters-singapore/


Singapore has been known to be an attractive location for multinational companies to establish their regional headquarters in the Asia Pacific region due to its strategic location, access to skilled talent, ease of doing business, world-class infrastructure, and a stable economic and political system.

The following is a list of top multinational corporations that has established their regional headquarters in Singapore (Note: List is not exhaustive).

Company             Country of Origin          Product/Services Provided

Nuscience Group Belgium           Feed manufacturers
CIC           France Financial services
Bosch       Germany         Automotive technology, industrial technology, building technology and consumer goods
Carl Zeiss            Germany         Optical systems, industrial measurements and medical devices manufacturer
Bayer AG Germany         Pharmaceuticals and chemicals
BMW       Germany         Automotive
Deutsche Post DHL          Germany         Courier services
Actavis     Ireland /United States Pharmaceuticals
Rakuten   Japan   E-commerce
Brother Industries           Japan   Printers, sewing machines, fax machines and computer-related electronics
Sony Corporation            Japan   Consumer electronics, gaming, entertainment and financial services
Panasonic            Japan   Electronics
Omron     Japan   Electronics
Bridgestone         Japan   Automotive, tire manufacturer
Philips      Netherlands    Consumer electronics, healthcare and lighting
Unilever  Netherlands / United Kingdom           Consumer goods
Xero         New Zealand   Cloud-based accounting software for SMEs
Roche      Switzerland     Pharmaceuticals and healthcare diagnosis
AdNovum            Switzerland     High-end software and security engineering
Novartis   Switzerland     Pharmaceuticals
Panalpina            Switzerland     Forwarding and logistics service provider
Ferring Pharmaceuticals            Switzerland     Pharmaceuticals
GlaxoSmithKline  United Kingdom          Pharmaceuticals
Aon          United Kingdom          Financial Services
Facebook United States   Online social networking service
Twitter     United States   Online social networking service
LinkedIn   United States   Business-oriented social networking service
Microsoft            United States   Consumer electronics and computer software & services
Apple       United States   Consumer electronics and computer software & services
Google     United States   Internet-related services
Micron Technology Inc.  United States   Semiconductor devices
Pfitzer      United States   Pharmaceuticals
Walt Disney Company     United States   Mass media and entertainment conglomerate
Chevron   United States   Petrochemicals, oil, natural gas and geothermal energy products & services
Merck & Co.        United States   Pharmaceuticals
General Electric  United States   Aviation, healthcare, transportation, oil & gas, capital and automotive
Levi Strauss & Co.           United States   Clothing
Cisco Systems      United States   Networking equipment manufacturer
Procter & Gamble           United States   Consumer goods
General Motors  United States   Automotive
Archer Daniels Midland  United States   Food processing and commodities trading
Quintiles  United States   Biopharmaceuticals
UPS          United States   Courier services
Hewlett-Packard United States   Consumer electronics and computer hardware, software & services
Electronic Arts    United States   Gaming developer and distributor
Cargill     United States   Agricultural commodities
Kimberly-Clark    United States   Paper-based consumer products
Donaldson           United States   Air filtration
Mondelez International  United States   Confectionary, food and beverage


註十


The 4th Survey on the Regional Headquarters (RHQ) Functions of Japanese Companies in Singapore
December 2015
Conducted by
JETRO Singapore
Cooperated by
Embassy of Japan in Singapore
Japanese Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Singapore


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